Roman numeral symbols

Roman numerals use just seven letters, each with a fixed value. Learn what a single symbol means, where it comes from and the rules for combining it. Tap any symbol below for its own page.

The seven symbols at a glance

The seven Roman numeral symbols and their values.
SymbolValueName
I1one
V5five
X10ten
L50fifty
C100one hundred
D500five hundred
M1,000one thousand

Frequently asked questions

What are the seven Roman numeral symbols?

They are I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500) and M (1000). Every Roman numeral from 1 to 3999 is built from these seven letters.

Which Roman numeral symbols can be subtracted?

Only I, X and C are ever placed before a larger symbol to subtract. V, L and D are always added, never subtracted.

Which symbols can repeat?

I, X, C and M can repeat up to three times in a row. V, L and D are never repeated, because the next value up already has its own symbol.

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